Background: Professionalism and medical ethics form the foundation of quality healthcare delivery. Medical schools play a critical role in developing future physicians who demonstrate integrity, accountability, compassion, respect, and ethical decision-making. Despite advances in medical technology and healthcare systems, concerns regarding professional misconduct and ethical dilemmas continue to emerge in clinical practice. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of professionalism and ethics education in medical schools and assess knowledge, attitudes, and ethical competencies among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 1,250 undergraduate and postgraduate medical students from multiple medical institutions. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing ethical knowledge, professional attitudes, ethical decision-making skills, and perceptions regarding professionalism training. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Among participants, 82.4% demonstrated adequate knowledge of medical ethics, while 78.6% reported positive attitudes toward professionalism education. Students exposed to formal ethics training were significantly more likely to demonstrate ethical decision-making competencies (AOR=2.73, 95% CI: 1.94–3.84). Clinical mentorship, role modeling, and case-based learning were identified as key contributors to professional development. Conclusion: Professionalism and ethics education significantly contribute to the development of ethical competencies among medical students. Strengthening experiential learning, mentorship programs, and ethics-integrated curricula can enhance professional conduct and ethical practice among future healthcare professionals.