Background: Healthcare equity is a fundamental principle of modern health systems and a key component of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Despite advances in medical science and healthcare delivery, significant disparities persist across populations based on socioeconomic status, geographic location, gender, ethnicity, education, and healthcare accessibility. These disparities contribute to unequal health outcomes and reduced quality of life among vulnerable populations. Objective: To assess healthcare disparities in access, utilization, and outcomes and evaluate factors influencing equity in medical services. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 2,500 adults utilizing healthcare services across urban and rural regions. Data regarding healthcare access, service utilization, affordability, patient satisfaction, and health outcomes were collected through structured questionnaires and medical records review. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and multivariate analyses. Results: Rural populations reported significantly lower healthcare accessibility (58.4%) compared with urban populations (84.7%). Individuals from lower-income households experienced greater financial barriers, delayed healthcare seeking, and lower utilization of preventive services. Educational attainment and insurance coverage were strong predictors of equitable healthcare access (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Healthcare disparities remain a major public health challenge. Addressing structural inequities through policy reforms, healthcare infrastructure development, financial protection mechanisms, and targeted interventions is essential for achieving equitable healthcare delivery.