Background: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of e-learning across medical education worldwide. Institutions rapidly transitioned from traditional classroom-based instruction to digital learning platforms to maintain educational continuity. As medical education enters the post-pandemic era, understanding the effectiveness, challenges, and sustainability of e-learning remains essential. Objective: This study examines the adoption of e-learning during post-pandemic medical education, evaluates its impact on learning outcomes, identifies barriers and facilitators, and explores future directions for digital medical education. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar were searched. Studies addressing e-learning implementation, student perceptions, faculty experiences, and educational outcomes in medical education were included. Results: The review identified widespread adoption of e-learning technologies, including virtual classrooms, learning management systems, simulation platforms, and mobile learning applications. Advantages included flexibility, accessibility, and enhanced resource availability. Challenges included limited clinical exposure, digital fatigue, technological barriers, and reduced interpersonal interactions. Hybrid learning models emerged as the most preferred and sustainable approach. Conclusion: E-learning has become an integral component of modern medical education. Future educational models should integrate digital technologies with traditional clinical training to maximize learning effectiveness and prepare healthcare professionals for evolving healthcare environments.